Health and Inequality - Rilegato

Rilegato

ISBN 10: 041544313X ISBN 13: 9780415443135

Casa editrice: Routledge, 2008

Some groups of people are healthier than others. Overwhelmingly, for almost all kinds of morbidity and mortality, groups at the bottom of the social scale are less healthy than those at the top. But this simple observation describes a complex phenomenon that has become a major focus of research, teaching, intervention, and public policy and has led to recognition of the stark power of social determinants of population health. Why are poorer, less educated, lower-class groups less healthy than others? Historically, and indeed today, this has been a question that has polarized researchers, policy-makers, politicians, and casual onlookers. The debate is intensely contentious because if health inequalities are largely a consequence of people at the bottom of the social scale lacking resources and living in poor conditions, then, arguably, policies must be directed towards correcting those material deficits. But if inequalities in health are largely due to the social inequalities among people and their feelings about their position in relation to other people, then policies that encourage a more egalitarian society may be needed to close the health gap.

Edited by two leading scholars in the field, the four volumes in this new Routledge Major Work bring together key research from a wide range of disciplines, including epidemiology and public health, sociology, psychology, biology, and public policy, to provide a coherent and multidisciplinary synthesis of this vast and vibrant literature.

Volume I assembles the basic evidence of health inequalities in different countries and different time periods, and focuses on the extent to which health inequalities result from social selection versus social causation. Volume II covers the main schools of thought on the causes of health inequalities and the pathways linking low social status to poor health. The focus of the third volume is on the effectiveness of interventions that have been designed to reduce health inequalities. The theme of Volume IV is the social and political ecology of health and the biology and psychology of human sensitivity to the social environment.

Fully indexed and with a comprehensive introduction newly written by the editors, which places the collected material in its historical and intellectual context, Health and Inequality is an essential work of reference for both scholars and practitioners hoping to understand (and mitigate or remove) inequalities in health.

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Contenuti:

Volume I: Health Inequalities: The Evidence

Classic Research Establishing the Fact of Social Inequalities in Health

1. N. Krieger, ‘Epidemiology and Social Sciences: Towards a Critical Reengagement in the 21st Century’, Epidemiologic Reviews, 22, 2000, 155–63.

2. C. Hamlin, ‘Could You Starve to Death in England in 1839? The Chadwick-Farr Controversy and the Loss of the "Social" In Public Health’, American Journal of Public Health, 85, 1995, 856–66.

3. A. Alaszewski and J. Manthorpe, ‘Durkheim, Social Integration and Suicide Rates’, Nursing Times, 91, 1995, 34–5.

4. R. Taylor and A. Rieger, ‘Medicine as Social Science: Rudolf Virchow on the Typhus Epidemic in Upper Silesia’, International Journal of Health Services, 15, 1985, 547–59.

Health Inequalities by Area, Income, Education, Occupation, Gender, and Ethnicity

5. R. E. Faris and H. W. Dunham, ‘Chapter XI’, Mental Disorders in Urban Areas (University of Chicago Press, 1939), pp. 160–77.

6. A. Yankauer, ‘The Relationship of Fetal and Infant Mortality to Residential Segregation: An Inquiry into Social Epidemiology’, American Sociological Review, 15, 1950, 644–88.

7. E. M. Kitagawa and P. M. Hauser, ‘Education and Income Differentials’, Differential Mortality in the United States: A Study in Socioeconomic Epidemiology (Harvard University Press, 1973), pp. 11–23.

8. M. G. Marmot et al., ‘Employment Grade and Coronary Heart Disease in British Civil Servants’, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 32, 1978, 244–9.

9. S. H. Preston, ‘The Changing Relation between Mortality and Level of Economic Development’, Population Studies, 29, 1975, 231–48.

10. A. Sen, ‘Public Action and the Quality of Life in Developing Countries’, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 43, 1981, 287–319.

11. P. Heuveline, M. Guillot, and D. R. Gwatkin, ‘The Uneven Tides of the Health Transition’, Social Science and Medicine, 55, 2002, 313–22.

12. R. G. Wilkinson, ‘The Epidemiological Transition: From Material Scarcity to Social Disadvantage?’, Daedalus, 123, 1994, 61–77.

13. A. M. Gray, ‘Inequalities in Health. The Black Report: A Summary and Comment’, International Journal of Health Services, 12, 1982, 349–78.

14. G. D. Smith, M. Bartley, and D. Blane, ‘The Black Report on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health 10 Years On’, British Medical Journal, 301, 1990, 373–7.

15. G. Pappas et al., ‘The Increasing Disparity in Mortality between Socioeconomic Groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986’, New England Journal of Medicine, 329, 1993, 103–9.

16. J. Banks et al., ‘The SES Health Gradient on Both Sides of the Atlantic’ (NBER Working Paper 12674, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., 2007).

17. S. Arber, ‘Comparing Inequalities in Women’s and Men’s Health: Britain in the 1990s’, Social Science and Medicine, 44, 1997, 773–87.

18. A. Sacker et al., ‘Comparing Health Inequality in Men and Women: Prospective Study of Mortality 1986–96’, British Medical Journal, 320, 2000, 1303–7.

19. D. R. Williams and C. Collins, ‘US Socioeconomic and Racial Differences in Health: Patterns and Explanations’, Annual Review of Sociology, 21, 1995, 359–86.

20. J. Y. Nazroo, ‘The Structuring of Ethnic Inequalities in Health: Economic Position, Racial Discrimination, and Racism’, American Journal of Public Health, 93, 2003, 277–84.

21. J. W. Frank, R. S. Moore, and G. M. Ames, ‘Historical and Cultural Roots of Drinking Problems Among American Indians’, American Journal of Public Health, 90, 2000, 344–51.

The Measurement of Health Inequalities

22. B. Galobardes, J. Lynch, and G. D. Smith, ‘Measuring Socioeconomic Position in Health Research’, British Medical Bulletin, 81–2, 2007, 21–37.

23. R. Carr-Hill, ‘The Measurement of Inequities in Health: Lessons from the British Experience’, Social Science and Medicine, 31, 1990, 393–404.

24. J. P. Mackenbach et al., ‘Socioeconomic Inequalities in Morbidity and Mortality in Western Europe: The EU Working Group on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health’, The Lancet, 349, 1997, 1655–9.

25. D. Vagero and R. Erikson, ‘Socioeconomic Inequalities in Morbidity and Mortality in Western Europe’, The Lancet, 350, 1997, 516.

26. K. Moser, C. Frost, and D. A. Leon, ‘Comparing Health Inequalities Across Time and Place Rate Ratios and Rate Differences Lead to Different Conclusions: Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data from 22 Countries, 1991–2001’, International Journal of Epidemiology, 36, 2007, 1285–91.

selection versus causation

27. R. Illsley, ‘Social Class Selection and Class Differences in Relation to Stillbirths and Infant Deaths’, British Medical Journal, 2, 1955, 1520–4.

28. A. J. Fox, P. O. Goldblatt, and D. R. Jones, ‘Social Class Mortality Differentials: Artefact, Selection or Life Circumstances?’, Journal of Epidemiology Community Health, 39, 1985, 1–8.

29. P. West, ‘Rethinking the Health Selection Explanation for Health Inequalities’, Social Science and Medicine, 32, 1991, 373–84.

30. D. Blane, G. Davey Smith, and M. Bartley, ‘Social Selection: What Does it Contribute to Social Class Differences in Health?’, Sociology of Health & Illness, 15, 1993, 1–15.

Volume II: Health Inequalities: Causes and Pathways

31. N. E. Adler et al., ‘Socioeconomic Status and Health: The Challenge of the Gradient’, American Psychologist, 49, 1994, 15–24.

Behavioural Causes of Health Inequalities

32. E. Dowler, ‘Inequalities in Diet and Physical Activity in Europe’, Public Health Nutrition, 4, 2001, 701–9.

33. H. Graham, ‘Smoking Prevalence Among Women in the European Community 1950–1990’, Social Science and Medicine, 43, 1996, 243–54.

34. M. J. Jarvis and J. Wardle, ‘Social Patterning of Individual Health Behaviours: The Case of Cigarette Smoking’, in M. Marmot and R. G. Wilkinson (eds.), Social Determinants of Health, 2nd edn. (Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 224–37.

35. L. S. Wakschlag et al., ‘Pregnant Smokers Who Quit, Pregnant Smokers Who Don’t: Does History of Problem Behavior Make a Difference?’, Social Science and Medicine, 56, 2003, 2449–60.

36. G. Rose and M. G. Marmot, ‘Social Class and Coronary Heart Disease’, British Heart Journal, 45, 1981, 13–19.

37. P. Makela, T. Valkonen, and T. Martelin, ‘Contribution of Deaths Related to Alcohol Use of Socioeconomic Variation in Mortality: Register Based Follow Up Study’, British Medical Journal, 315, 1997, 211–16.

38. P. M. Lantz et al., ‘Socioeconomic Disparities in Health Change in a Longitudinal Study of US Adults: The Role of Health-Risk Behaviors’, Social Science & Medicine, 53, 2001, 29–40.

Material Causes of Health Inequalities

39. D. Dorling et al., ‘The Ghost of Christmas Past: Health Effects of Poverty in London in 1896 and 1991’, British Medical Journal, 321, 2000, 1547–51.

40. K. E. Pickett and M. Pearl, ‘Multilevel Analyses of Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Context and Health Outcomes: A Critical Review’, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 55, 2001, 111–22.

41. J. N. Morris et al., ‘A Minimum Income for Healthy Living’, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54, 2000, 885–9.

42. S. A. Bashir, ‘Home is Where the Harm is: Inadequate Housing as a Public Health Crisis’, American Journal of Public Health, 92, 2002, 733–8.

43. J. T. Hart, ‘The Inverse Care Law’, The Lancet, 1, 1971, 405–12.

44. S. Szreter, ‘Rethinking Mckeown: The Relationship between Public Health and Social Change’, American Journal of Public Health, 92, 2002, 722–5.

45. J. P. Mackenbach, M. H. Bouvier-Colle, and E. Jougla, ‘"Avoidable" Mortality and Health Services: A Review of Aggregate Data Studies’, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 44, 1990, 106–11.

46. K. E. Lasser, D. U. Himmelstein, and S. Woolhandler, ‘Access to Care, Health Status, and Health Disparities in the United States and Canada: Results of a Cross-National Population-Based Survey’, American Journal of Public Health, 96, 2006, 1300–7.

47. A. Dixon and J. Le Grand, ‘Is Greater Patient Choice Consistent with Equity? The Case of the English NHS’, Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, 11, 2006, 162–6.

Social Determinants of Health in the Workplace and Unemployment

48. R. A. Karasek et al., ‘Job Characteristics in Relation to the Prevalence of Myocardial Infarction in the US Health Examination Survey (HES) and the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Hanes)’, American Journal of Public Health, 78, 1988, 910–18.

49. J. Siegrist, D. Klein, and K. H. Voigt, ‘Linking Sociological with Physiological Data: The Model of Effort-Reward Imbalance at Work’, Acta Physiologica Scandinavica Supplement, 640, 1997, 112–16.

50. M. G. Marmot et al., ‘Contribution of Job Control and Other Risk Factors to Social Variations in Coronary Heart Disease Incidence’, The Lancet, 350, 1997, 235–9.

51. J. De Jonge et al., ‘Job Strain, Effort-Reward Imbalance and Employee Well-Being: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study’, Social Science and Medicine, 50, 2000, 1317–27.

52. J. E. Ferrie et al., ‘Health Effects of Anticipation of Job Change and Non-Employment: Longitudinal Data from the Whitehall Ii Study’, British Medical Journal, 311, 1995, 1264–9.

53. M. Bartley, ‘Unemployment and Ill Health: Understanding the Relationship’, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 48, 1994, 333–7.

Psychosocial Causes of Health Inequalities

54. J. Cassel, ‘The Contribution of the Social Environment to Host Resistance’, American Journal of Epidemiology, 104, 1976, 107–23.

55. L. F. Berkman et al., ‘From Social Integration to Health: Durkheim in the New Millennium’, Social Science and Medicine, 51, 2000, 843–57.

56. A. Singh-Manoux, M. G. Marmot, and N. E. Adler, ‘Does Subjective Social Status Predict Health and Change in Health Status Better Than Objective Status?’, Psychosomatic Medicine, 67, 2005, 855–61.

57. I. Kawachi, ‘Social Capital and Community Effects on Population and Individual Health’, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 1999, 120–30.

58. J. C. Barefoot et al., ‘Trust, Health, and Longevity’, Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21, 1998, 517–26.

59. T. Q. Miller et al., ‘A Test of the Psychosocial Vulnerability and Health Behavior Models of Hostility: Results from an 11-Year Follow-up Study of Mexican Americans’, Psychosomatic Medicine, 57, 1995, 572–81.

60. S. Cohen, ‘Keynote Presentation at the Eight International Congress of Behavioral Medicine: The Pittsburgh Common Cold Studies: Psychosocial Predictors of Susceptibility to Respiratory Infectious Illness’, International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 12, 2005, 123–31.

61. T. F. Robles and J. K. Kiecolt-Glaser, ‘The Physiology of Marriage: Pathways to Health’, Physiology & Behavior, 79, 2003, 409–16.

Early Life and the Life Course

62. D. Kuh and G. D. Smith, ‘When is Mortality Risk Determined? Historical Insights into a Current Debate’, Social History of Medicine, 6, 1993, 101–23.

63. A. Forsdahl, ‘Observations Throwing Light on the High Mortality in the County of Finnmark: Is the High Mortality Today a Late Effect of Very Poor Living Conditions in Childhood and Adolescence?’, International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, 2002, 302–8.

64. D. J. Barker, ‘Fetal Origins of Cardiovascular Disease’, Annals of Medicine, 31, Supplement 1, 1999, 3–6.

65. D. I. Phillips et al., ‘Elevated Plasma Cortisol Concentrations: A Link between Low Birth Weight and the Insulin Resistance Syndrome?’, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 83, 1998, 757–60.

66. R. Yehuda et al., ‘Transgenerational Effects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Babies of Mothers Exposed to the World Trade Center Attacks During Pregnancy’, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 90, 2005, 4115–18.

67. D. Kuh et al., ‘Mortality in Adults Aged 26–54 Years Related to Socioeconomic Conditions in Childhood and Adulthood: Post War Birth Cohort Study’, British Medical Journal, 325, 2002, 1076–80.

68. C. Power and S. Matthews, ‘Origins of Health Inequalities in a National Population Sample’, The Lancet, 350, 1997, 1584–9.

69. I. Lissau and T. I. Sorensen, ‘Parental Neglect During Childhood and Increased Risk of Obesity in Young Adulthood’, The Lancet, 343, 1994, 324–7.

70. S. Macintyre and P. West, ‘Lack of Class Variation in Health in Adolescence: An Artefact of an Occupational Measure of Social Class?’, Social Science and Medicine, 32, 1991, 395–402.

71. R. A. Pollitt, K. M. Rose, and J. S. Kaufman, ‘Evaluating the Evidence for Models of Life Course Socioeconomic Factors and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review’, BMC Public Health, 5, 2005, 7.

72. B. Galobardes, J. W. Lynch, and G. Davey Smith, ‘Childhood Socioeconomic Circumstances and Cause-Specific Mortality in Adulthood: Systematic Review and Interpretation’, Epidemiologic Reviews, 26, 2004, 7–21.

73. G. W. Evans and K. English, ‘The Environment of Poverty: Multiple Stressor Exposure, Psychophysiological Stress, and Socioemotional Adjustment’, Child Development, 73, 2002, 1238–48.

Volume III: Health Inequalities: Interventions and Evaluations

The Theory of Public Health Intervention and Preventive Medicine

74. G. Rose, ‘Strategy of Prevention: Lessons from Cardiovascular Disease’, British Medical Journal, 282, 1981, 1847–51.

75. G. Rose, ‘Sick Individuals and Sick Populations’, International Journal of Epidemiology, 14, 1985, 32–8.

76. J. Adams and M. White, ‘When the Population Approach to Prevention Puts the Health of Individuals at Risk’, International Journal of Epidemiology, 34, 2005, 40–3.

77. K. Atwood, G. A. Colditz, and I. Kawachi, ‘From Public Health Science to Prevention Policy: Placing Science in its Social and Political Contexts’, American Journal of Public Health, 87, 1997, 1603–6.

78. A. Woodward and I. Kawachi, ‘Why Reduce Health Inequalities?’, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54, 2000, 923–9.

Overviews and Frameworks for Interventions and Policies

79. M. Petticrew et al., ‘Evidence for Public Health Policy on Inequalities: 1: The Reality According to Policymakers’, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 58, 2004, 811–16.

80. M. Whitehead et al., ‘Evidence for Public Health Policy on Inequalities: 2: Assembling the Evidence Jigsaw’, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 58, 2004, 817–21.

81. H. Graham and C. Power, ‘Childhood Disadvantage and Health Inequalities: A Framework for Policy Based on Lifecourse Research’, Child Care, Health and Development, 30, 2004, 671–8.

82. C. G. Victora et al., ‘Applying an Equity Lens to Child Health and Mortality: More of the Same ...

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